• Skip to main content
  • Skip to primary sidebar
  • Skip to footer

Cabaret Mechanical Theatre

Mechanical is our middle name

  • Automata
  • Making
  • Exhibitions
  • News
  • Facebook
  • Instagram
  • YouTube
  • Twitter
You are here: Home / Making / Building the Boxes for Wood Automata – Dug’s Tips 7

Filed Under: Making

Building the Boxes for Wood Automata – Dug’s Tips 7

Boxes for automata mechanisms constructed with easy-to-make butt jointsBuilding the Boxes for Wood Automata

There is no rule that says the mechanism for a wood automaton must be contained inside of a box, but the practice does have some advantages. A box makes a sturdy base, provides even surfaces for mounting mechanisms and figures, and can make the construction process easier. While there are dozens of sophisticated woodworking joints, a basic one will do the trick!

The Corner Butt Joint
The most straightforward wood joint is the corner butt joint, also called the end-to-face joint. As the name implies, the end of one board is butted up against the face of another to form a corner. This joint is easy to make because it does not require any intricate cuts in the wood. However, because the boards themselves are not locked together in any mechanical way, the butt joint relies on glue, fasteners, or reinforcement for its strength.

Doweling for Strength
Drilling holes and inserting dowels into them is a simple and effective way to make butt joints stronger. This method doesn’t require any specialized tools. Best of all, the dowels are often enough to hold the box together, making it easy to assemble and disassemble. There are two main approaches to using dowels to reinforce a joint: through-doweling and blind-doweling. First, we need to consider the dowels or dowel pins as they are often called.

Commercially made dowel pins and one fashioned from plain dowel rod. A saw cut was made down the length of the homemade dowel pin to form a groove.Selecting the Dowels
Choose dowels that have a diameter that is about half the thickness of the boards used for the box. The length of the dowel should be about 5 times its diameter. For example, 1/4″ diameter dowels used to join 1/2″ boards should be about 1-1/4″ long. Commercially made dowel pins come with straight or spiral grooves cut in their sides. These grooves allow excess glue to escape when the dowel pin is driven into a hole.

Through-Doweling
Through-doweling is one method of using dowels to hold wood pieces together at a right angle. It is called ‘through-doweling’ because the face of one of the boards is drilled all the way through.

Test to find the drill bit that creates the best friction fit for the dowelsStep 1 – Select a Drill Bit
Select a drill bit that is the same size as the dowel pins. If you have more than one drill bit of the correct size, drill a hole in some scrap wood with each bit and insert dowels into the holes. Use the bit that creates a firm friction fit for the dowel.

Locate dowels so that they will enter the center of the upright board Step 2 – Mark the Dowel Locations
Once the pieces of the box are cut to length, mark the locations for the dowels. The dowels should be located in the middle of the upright box sides. Use two or three dowels per corner depending on the width of the box.

A corner clamp keeps the boards properly positioned while drilling the dowel holesStep 3 – Drill the Holes
Drill through the face of one board into the end-grain of the box side. Keep the drill perpendicular to the face of the first board and parallel to the second. Use a vise or corner clamp to keep the boards aligned and at 90 degrees to each other.

Tap the dowels into their holes with a small malletStep 4 – Insert the Dowels
If you have made your own dowel pins, bevel the ends slightly with a knife or pencil sharpener to make them easier to install. Tap the dowel pins into the holes with a small mallet. Don’t use glue at this time.
 

The box top with the dowels is fitted to the holes in the box side pieceStep 5 – Assemble the Joint
Line the dowels up with the holes and fit the pieces together. Use a small mallet to tap the joint closed if necessary.

 

 
The dowels are trimmed with a flush-cutting saw, then sanded smoothStep 6 – Trim and Sand the Dowels Flush
Any excess dowel can be trimmed with a small saw and sanded flush with the surface of the box. Repeat this process for all four corners of the box. When the automaton is complete, the dowels can be glued into place.

Blind-Doweling
Blind-Doweling is similar to through-doweling but the dowels are hidden because they do not protrude through the top and bottom faces of the box.

Small nails are driven into the end of the box side pieceStep 1 – Tap Nails into the End the Box Side Piece
Tap small nails into the end of a box side piece where you intend to install the dowels. Don’t place the nails too close to the edges of the board. They might weaken it.
 

Wire cutters are used to trim the nails down to about 1/8 of an inch longStep 2 – Trim the Nails
Snip the heads off of the nails with wire cutters so that about 1/8″ remains. Straighten any bent nails with a pair of needle-nose pliers.

 
 

Cut nails transfer the location of the dowel holes from one board to the otherStep 3 – Mark the Dowel Locations
On a flat surface, use a square to align the pieces at 90 degrees. Press the boards together so that the board with the nails creates small indentations in surface of the second board. These marks are where the dowel holes will be located.

Drill holes for blind dowels in two stages. Masking tape placed on the drill bit indicates how deep it is safe to drill. Step 4 – Drill the Holes
Unlike through-doweling, each blind dowel will require two separate drilling operations. Drill holes in the locations marked by the nails. Don’t drill all the way through the board this time! Use a piece of masking tape to keep from drilling too deeply. Pull the nails out of the box side with pliers and drill holes in those locations too. The holes in the side pieces can be deeper than those in the board faces.

Tap dowels into one of the pieces and and assemble the jointStep 5 – Install the Dowels
Tap dowel pins into the holes and try fitting the boards together. If the joint will not close all the way, the dowels are probably too long. Trim or sand them down. Repeat this process for the other corners of the box. When the automaton is finalized, all of the dowels may be glued in place.

Though it doesn’t involve any complicated woodworking techniques, butt joints reinforced with dowels are more than strong enough for wood automata. The process doesn’t require many tools, though there are a few that make the process even easier (check out the resources section for some suggestions). The great benefit of this technique is that the dowels alone can hold a box together while you refine the design of your automaton. Being able to quickly assemble and disassemble the box will save you a lot of time and effort!

For a list of materials and further reading visit Dug’s Tools and References page.


Dug’s Automata Tips, Techniques and Tricks
A quarterly column by automata-maker and enthusiast Dug North

Copyright 2012 Dug North


Warning: The topics covered in this column include the use of tools and materials that have the potential to cause damage to property and/or bodily injury. Your safety is important and it is your sole responsibility. Always read and follow the safety instructions that come with tools and materials you use. Wear safety glasses, use guards and other forms of safety equipment, follow safety precautions, and use good judgment. Seek the guidance of experienced outside sources whenever required.

Tagged With: Dug North (on March 15, 2012 by Dug North) 9 Comments

Join our mailing lists for updates 

We respect your email privacy

Powered by AWeber Email Marketing


Reader Interactions

Comments

  1. Marie-Reine says

    March 16, 2012 at 6:19 am

    Thanks a lot Dug !
    great number 7 tips and tricks!

    Reply
  2. Dug North says

    March 16, 2012 at 11:46 pm

    Thank you Marie-Reine! I am glad you like it.

    Reply
  3. Laurel says

    March 23, 2012 at 3:59 am

    I like it as I have unlimited trees and am not so keen on nails. Its a bit like green woodworking. Also less complicated than dovetails. Can’t you do this monthly…..

    Reply
  4. Dug North says

    April 18, 2012 at 3:06 pm

    Glad you liked the article Laurel! Doweling is a simple strong solution that doesn’t require a lot of tricky cuts or fancy tools. Dovetails are beautiful and strong, but take a long time to master. Monthly? I’m flattered you would suggest it.

    Reply
  5. T.R.HART says

    April 28, 2012 at 12:08 pm

    I really enjoyed watching your videos of you in your workshop and the success you have had with Hugo. I am new to this and finding your website and Cabaret Mechanical Theatre a blessing. Kazu Harada was the first of the group that I saw on Japanese TV. I am hoping to develop my skills in making Automata to share with my art community in Lancaster Pa.

    Thank You -T.R.Hart

    Reply
  6. Dug North says

    May 25, 2012 at 8:05 pm

    Thanks T.R.! Glad you enjoy the videos and the ‘Hugo’ documentary. Kazu Harada makes great automata. Best of luck building your skills and sharing your art! Perhaps you can get some mechanical inspiration from the National Watch and Clock Museum in nearby Columbia, PA.

    All the best,

    -Dug

    Reply
  7. Paul Richards says

    June 11, 2012 at 9:30 am

    Dug, thanks for these tips, they are fabulous. I am a primary school teacher who teaches automata as one of my projects to Year 4 children. The doweling looks a lot easier to teach than I thought it would be. I have been gluing the inner and outer corners with a piece of card, which works, but doesn’t look that good. The dowels are much ‘cleaner’ and stronger.
    Paul

    Reply
  8. Dug North says

    July 11, 2012 at 9:17 pm

    Paul,

    You are very welcome! I think you will find that the doweling — especially the through-doweling method — to be fairly easy. It should also provide more rigidity to your boxes which will help things run better. Best of luck!

    -Dug

    Reply
  9. Catherine couturier says

    November 8, 2013 at 12:25 pm

    Working with the box!
    http://instagram.com/p/gBk456tfiM/

    Reply
Previous Post: Jokebots
Next Post: Laetitia – Princess of the Air by Pierre Mayer

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Primary Sidebar

Recent News

  • Fabricating Motion Automata Workshop – October 2022
  • Automata Tinkering Global Workshop – September 2022
  • Howling Cats
  • Automata Tinkering Global Workshop – May 2022
  • Automata Tinkering Global Workshops – Jan 2022

Microblog

New - Fabricating Motion Automata Workshop

We are delighted to announce a pilot of our new online workshop led by Stephen Guy. It’s so exciting to be able to take this tried and tested workshop that we have been delivering in-person since 2013 and to develop it into an online version - Fabricating Motion - to share with our community of makers from around the world. Starts October 2022 More info

Automata Tinkering Global Workshop

The 6th running of Automata Tinkering Global Workshop starts 21 Sept. Book now for early-bird price 🦜 Places go fast. Join our community: 6 weeks of exploring mechanisms, materials and storytelling online + online studio visits / interviews with CMT artists. more info and booking

Family Workshop June 1st

We have 3 pieces on display in Little Mashers in St Leonards and we’re running a family workshop 1st June using our Cardboard Automata Kit to make your own machines.

To book a ticket click here

Cardboard Automata Kit

Now available in our online shop - the legendary cardboard automata kit!

Start tinkering and creating your own designs with this versatile kit. You will start understand the basic mechanisms including cams, drives and cranks as you put the kit together and try out different designs.

Developed by @firetheinventor this tried and tested kit has been enjoyed by visitors to our exhibitions and accompanying workshops for over 10 years. It has also been part of our online Automata Tinkering Global Workshops since 2020.

Buy here

Our Previous Show in Derby

at the Museuma of Making ran from 10 Dec - 13 Mar 2022 but you can still see the Cabaret Mechanical Theatre - virtual version. Although it may not stay online forever - let us know if it’s gone! Our other previous shows are here.

Last Few Places - now sold out

You can join the waitlist for our next Automata Tinkering Global Workshop is starting on May 10th. Join our community for 6 weeks of exploring mechanisms, materials and storytelling online. More info and booking

Latest Tweets

  • The Sheep Shearing Man by Ron Fuller. 🐑✂💇 🐌snail cam to make the scissors open and snap shut quickly but who wants… https://t.co/9fns0fFnzQ June 29, 2022 10:37 am
  • More from Carlos Zapata @carloszapataautomata - we have a limited edition of beautifully painted owls 🦉that have a… https://t.co/vgZ2D4ZgV7 June 23, 2022 11:48 am
  • 🐔We love this colourful hungry 🍉 Rooster made by Carlos Zapata @carloszapataautomata and for sale in our shop onlin… https://t.co/S2Lpm3hPHx June 23, 2022 11:47 am
  • The Lion Tamer by Ron Fuller. We also have a whole circus made by Ron where the Lion Tamer takes off his hat, passe… https://t.co/Umg4MOlf6v June 20, 2022 9:46 am
  • Follow on Twitter!

Tagged Posts

14 Ball Arthur Ganson Bruce Shapiro Cams Carlos Zapata Dug North Exhibitions Fi Henshall John Lumbus Kazu Harada Keith Newstead Kinetica Martin Smith Matt Smith News Pascale Michalski Paul Spooner Peter Markey Pierre Mayer ratchet Ron Fuller Sarah Alexander Sharmanka Simon Tait Sue Jackson Tim Hunkin Will Jackson

Footer


Cabaret Mechanical Theatre is a collection of contemporary automata founded in 1982. It has permanent and temporary exhibitions all over the world. We aim to entertain and inspire visitors, makers and collectors.

Recent

  • Fabricating Motion Automata Workshop – October 2022
  • Automata Tinkering Global Workshop – September 2022
  • Howling Cats
  • Automata Tinkering Global Workshop – May 2022
  • Automata Tinkering Global Workshops – Jan 2022

Connect with CMT

  • Facebook
  • YouTube
  • Instagram
  • Twitter
  • Contact
  • Automata
  • Making
  • Exhibitions
  • News
  • Contact
  • Privacy Policy

Copyright © 2022 Cabaret Mechanical Theatre